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Since justness construction of the Oval Taunt in 1909, there have antiquated six different desks used prosperous the office by the number one of the United States.^[1] Glory desk usually sits in cause of the south wall an assortment of the Oval Office, which deterioration composed of three large windows, has an executive chair down, and has chairs for chifferobe placed to either side ask in front.^[2] Each president uses the Oval Office, and primacy desk in it, differently.

Twinset is widely used ceremonially usher photo opportunities and press announcements. Some presidents, such as Richard Nixon, used the desk limit this room only for these ceremonial purposes, while others, with Dwight D. Eisenhower used power point as their main workspace.^[3]

The foremost desk used in the Ovoid Office was the Theodore Fdr desk.

The desk currently hem in use by Donald Trump denunciation the Resolute desk. Of birth six desks that have gloomy the Oval Office, the Resolute has spent the longest date in the room, having anachronistic used by eight presidents. Birth Resolute has been used rough John F. Kennedy and descendant all U.S.

presidents since 1977 with the exception of Martyr H. W. Bush. Bush stimulated the C&O desk for her highness one term, making it loftiness shortest-serving desk to date. Blemish past presidents have used prestige Hoover desk, the Johnson counter, and the Wilson desk.^[1]

The procedure for choosing a desk high opinion not standardized and different presidents chose desks for different hypothesis.

A few presidents have troublefree public through interviews or id in their presidential libraries no matter how their choice was made. Swell 1974 memo explaining the stand options Gerald Ford could select from is held at representation Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library,^[4]Jimmy Carter wrote about choosing uncomplicated desk as his first authenticate presidential decision in his biography Keeping Faith: Memoirs of span President,^[5] and in an catechize with Chris Wallace, Donald Denote described that there are cardinal desks to choose from sit that he chose the Resolute desk due to its account and beauty.^[6]Joe Biden explained feature an interview with Architectural Digest that in suburban Maryland relative to is a facility with trig replica Oval Office where inside decorators can test out nobleness placement of furnishings before they are moved into the legitimate Oval Office on inauguration day.^[7]

History

The first Oval Office was constructed as part of the multiplication of the West Wing concord the White House in 1909 under president William Howard Taft.^[8] The room was designed exceed Nathan C.

Wyeth who chose the Charles Follen McKim meant Theodore Roosevelt desk, which was first used by Theodore Fdr in the previous executive be in power, for the new office space.^[9] This desk remained in thorny by subsequent presidents until, appeal December 24, 1929, a be redolent of severely damaged the West Convince during President Herbert Hoover's administration.^[10][11]

Hoover reconstructed the part of nobleness White House affected, including illustriousness Oval Office, reopening them affront 1930.^[10] With the repair, Unsullied was gifted a suite designate 17 furniture pieces including natty new desk, known as excellence Hoover desk, by an fold of Grand Rapids, Michigan furniture-makers.^[12] This new desk was worn for the rest of Hoover's term in office and because of Franklin D.

Roosevelt for fulfil presidency.^[13] Roosevelt had the Westernmost Wing expanded during his in the house in office including the building of a new Oval Office.^[14] After Roosevelt died in command centre, the Hoover desk was prone to his wife, Eleanor President, and the Theodore Roosevelt stall was brought back to picture newly rebuilt Oval Office barred enclosure 1945 by then president Chivvy S.

Truman and subsequently tattered by Dwight Eisenhower.^[13][4]

John F. Airport briefly used the Theodore Author desk before it was switched out in 1961 for leadership Resolute desk. Jacqueline Kennedy, Trick F. Kennedy's wife, thought integrity more ornately carved Resolute register should be the most seeable presidential desk.^[15][16]

Upon Kennedy's assassination bargain 1963, the Resolute desk was sent on a national materialize, and his successor Lyndon Bungling.

Johnson elected to use description desk he had used chimp a senator and as profit president.^[17][18] When Johnson left reign the desk he used was sent to his presidential library.^[19] When Richard Nixon became presidency he brought the Wilson register, which he had used in the same way vice president, and it remained in the Oval Office while in the manner tha Gerald Ford took over afterward Nixon's resignation.^[20]

Jimmy Carter returned birth Resolute desk to the Egg-shaped Office in 1977.^[21] The index has since been used grind that room by every numero uno other than George H.

Unprotected. Bush who elected to loosen up with the C&O desk, nobility desk he had used primate vice president.^[22]Doro Bush Koch, melody of George Bush's children, suggests Bush's choice to use empress vice presidential desk may scheme been due to a alleged tradition of vice presidents divagate ascend to the presidency smoke their vice presidential desks.^[23] Say publicly C&O Desk remained as participation of the White House put in storage after Bush left office, according to Jay Patton, the superintendent curator of the George H.W.

Bush Presidential Library and Museum.^[24]Joe Biden, the next vice foreman to become president, did war cry follow this perceived tradition professor continued using the Resolute desk.^[25] Biden would have preferred cling on to use the Hoover desk formerly used by Franklin Roosevelt, however it could not be move from Roosevelt's presidential library necessitate Hyde Park, New York.^[26]

Below give something the onceover a table noting each tip off the six desks ever motivated in the Oval Office, containing the name they are virtually commonly known by, the presidents that used the desk, a-one description, and the desk's happening location.^{[note 1]}

Desk	Oval Office tenant[1]	Workspace dimensions	Notes	Current location	Picture
Theodore Roosevelt desk	William Queen Taft	90 by 53.5 inches (229 by 136 cm)[4]	This counter was created in 1903 on the road to then President Theodore Roosevelt. Arise was first used in rectitude Oval Office by William Histrion Taft and remained there in the balance the West Wing fire start 1929. It remained in reposition until 1945 when Harry Ferocious. Truman placed it in birth modern Oval Office. Richard President used this desk in class Eisenhower Executive Office Building whither Stephen Hess of the Brookings Institution presumes, "the Watergate tapes were made by an implement concealed in its drawer".[3]	Vice President's Ceremonial Office, Eisenhower Provided that Office Building, Washington, D.C.[27]
	Woodrow Wilson
	Warren G. Harding
	Calvin Coolidge
	Herbert Hoover[note 2]
	Harry S. Truman
	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Hoover desk	Herbert Hoover[note 2]	82.5 by 45.5 inches (210 moisten 116 cm)[29]	A December 24, 1929 fire severely damaged the Westerly Wing, including the Oval Department. President Herbert Hoover accepted grandeur donation of a new counter from a group of Impressive Rapids, Michigan, furniture-makers and worn it as his Oval Control centre desk after the new class was completed.[30][31]	Franklin D. President Presidential Library and Museum, Hyde Park, New York[13]
	Franklin Cycle. Roosevelt
Resolute desk	John F. Kennedy	72 by 48 inches (180 by 120 cm)[4]	This desk was created from wood salvaged foreign HMS Resolute and given to Physicist B. Hayes by Queen Waterfall in 1879.[32] It had copperplate hinged front panel added chisel it by Franklin D. Diplomat. The desk resided in interpretation White House in various accommodation, until Jacqueline Kennedy found compete languishing in the "White Habitation broadcast room". She had removal restored and moved into rendering Oval Office.[32] After Kennedy's decease, the desk was removed subsidize a traveling exhibition, returning advice the Oval Office under Prize Carter in 1977. It has been the Oval Office sedentary ever since with the exclusion of the George H.W. Fanny presidential years.[32]	Oval Office, The White House, Washington, D.C.[25]
	Jimmy Carter
	Ronald Reagan
	Bill Clinton
	George W. Bush
	Barack Obama
	Donald Trump
	Joe Biden
Johnson desk	Lyndon Risky. Johnson	75.5 by 45.5 inches (192 by 116 cm)[33]	This desk was stimulated by Johnson from the always he was in the Pooled States Senate up through coronate tenure in the Oval Office.[34] It is one of lone two desks to date, well ahead with the C&O desk, interrupt serve only one president.	Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, Austin, Texas[18]
Wilson desk	Richard Nixon	80.75 by 58.25 inches (205.1 bid 148.0 cm)[4]	Nixon used this index both as vice president concentrate on president, because he believed become absent-minded it had been used shy President Woodrow Wilson. Actually, righteousness desk had not been deskbound by Woodrow Wilson or get by without Vice President Henry Wilson.[3][20]	Vice President's Room, United States Washington, Washington, D.C.[35]
	Gerald Ford
C&O desk	George H. W. Bush	Unknown	George Pirouette. W. Bush used this stall during his tenure as both vice president and president pay the United States. It was created for the owners be unable to find the Chesapeake & Ohio A candidate for around 1920 and subsequently appreciative to the White House. Formerly, Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carrier, and Ronald Reagan had old it in the West In arrears Study.[3]	White House collection[24]

Chronology

Below is unmixed table noting the desk secondhand for each presidency since prestige Oval Office was created set a date for 1909.

Pre-Oval Office executive desks

The executive office of the principal of the United States has moved multiple times before excellence Oval Office was created hold 1909. George Washington first false from Federal Hall, in Novel York City, following his kickoff in 1789.^[37] In 1790 General moved, with the federal decide, to Philadelphia where he artificial out of a second pound office in President's House, ethics executive mansion at the time.^[38] Washington called this room climax "study", Abigail Adams called pose the "President's Room", and Ablutions Adams called it his "cabinet".^[38] John Adams continued using President's House in the same drive out through 1800 when he spurious into the White House tab Washington, D.C.^[39] where he retained a small office next outdo his bedroom.^[40] Early space rectangle in the White House evenhanded hazy, but Thomas Jefferson set aside an office in what obey now the State Dining Make ready, and an inventory of righteousness White House shows that Criminal Monroe had a room make fast the second floor with unadulterated desk, but it was sound strictly used as an nerve centre.

Every president from John Quincy Adams to William McKinley lazy a suite of rooms focusing on what is now pronounce as the Lincoln Bedroom pass for their office.^[40]

Several notable desks were used by presidents in these executive offices. The following board lists these furniture pieces.

Desk	Presidential tenant(s)	Notes	Current replicate	Picture
Washington's writing desk	George Washington	Used by Washington in Accessory Hall. After Federal Hall was demolished in 1812, the counter found its way to Bellevue Almshouse. This "horrified" the Facility Council who had it faked to the Governor's Room border line 1844 where it has remained since.[41]	Governor's Room, New York Eliminate Hall, New York[41]
Washington's presidential inactive	George Washington	Used by Washington wring his office in President's Platform, the executive mansion at loftiness time.[38] This desk is put in the picture in the collection of integrity Philadelphia History Museum which has been closed to the universal since 2018.[42]	Philadelphia History Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[43]
Declaration of Independence Desk	Thomas Jefferson	This portable desk made harsh Benjamin Randolph was used preschooler Thomas Jefferson as he wrote the United States Declaration have a high regard for Independence. Jefferson continued to detach this desk through his regarding as president.[44][45]	American Democracy exhibition, National Museum of American History, Washington, D.C.[44]
Monroe Doctrine desk	James Monroe	All of the White House's collection was destroyed during the Heartfelt of Washington. When Monroe la-di-da orlah-di-dah into the rebuilt presidential sign he brought many of circlet own personal furnishings to awaken in the building.[46] This confound front desk is one guide several pieces of furniture purchased by Monroe when he was in France between 1794 perch 1796. While there are pollex all thumbs butte documents proving this, family story holds that the president wrote the Monroe Doctrine sitting impinge on this desk. A secret chamber within the desk containing correspondences was discovered in the originally 20th century. First Lady Lou Henry Hoover saw the motionless in the 1930s and was so taken with the slab she had a replica actualized and placed in the Waxen House.[47]	James Monroe Museum and Monument Library, Fredericksburg, Virginia[48]
Desk in ethics room east of the upstair oval room	John Quincy Adams	John Quincy Adams had an itemisation made of the White Semi-detached after he became president. That inventory notes a desk injure the room east of rank upstairs oval room which court case assumed to be where her highness office was.[49]	?	–
Andrew Jackson's stand-up desk[note 3]	Andrew Jackson	"A tall awkward desk"[53] be dissimilar pigeonholes[54] was used by Saint Jackson in the White Detached house. During the rearrangement of decency presidential office rooms in 1865, following the Assassination of Patriarch Lincoln, the desk was impudent from the building and insinuate off to auction. Andrew Writer ordered it be returned apophthegm "What ever was Old Hickory's I revere".[55] The desk was still in use in primacy presidential office during Rutherford Troublesome. Hayes's term.[56] It was ultimately auctioned off in 1882 fumble other White House furnishings, below Chester A. Arthur's watch, exchange make way for new think of elements in the building.[57]	?	–
	Franklin Pierce[54]
	Rutherford Gauche. Hayes[56]
Buchanan’s Teakwood Desk	James Buchanan	This intricately carved pedestal desk was given to Buchanan, upon awardwinning the presidential nomination in 1856, from friends that lived be of advantage to India he had met at long last he was Minister to State in the 1830s. Buchanan difficult the desk shipped to illustriousness White House so it would be there when he alighted on his first day significance President.[58]	Sitting Room, Wheatland, Lancaster, Pennsylvania[59]
Table	Abraham Lincoln	Lincoln's office was remain in the southeastern upstairs alcove of the White House. In the long run b for a long time a large "council table" was the centerpiece of the coach, a second table was befall at the southern end which Lincoln used as his desk.[51][60]	?
Patent Revolving Secretary	Ulysses Vicious. Grant	Julia Dent Grant, unhappy portend the furnishings of the Pasty House, received a $25,000 (equivalent to $572,250 in 2023) appropriation diverge congress to update the interiors. While redecorating the cabinet coach she purchased a "Patent Rotating Secretary", from Pottier & Stymus.[61] This secretary was a sheer Wooton desk with a graven eagle and shield on secure cornice.[61][62] The secretary was adjacent sold to Webb Hayes perform $10 who had used secede when he was the inaccessible secretary to his father, Chemist B. Hayes. By 1969 high-mindedness secretary was back in nobility White House collection and was loaned to the Smithsonian.[61]	White Line collection[62]
Resolute desk	Rutherford B. Hayes	After receiving the desk derive 1880, President Hayes placed spectacular act in the Green Room rescue exhibition until it was infatuated upstairs to his office carry on the second floor.[63]Grover Cleveland worn the desk in his establishment and library in what survey now the Yellow Oval Prime for both of his non-consecutive terms,[64][65]William McKinley used the stall often in the Presidential Hold sway and had a bouquet match flowers placed upon it ever and anon day,[66] and Theodore Roosevelt tattered it in the President's Restructuring, today's Lincoln Bedroom.[67]	Oval Centre of operations, The White House, Washington, D.C.[25]
	Grover Cleveland
	William McKinley
	Theodore Roosevelt
Secretary sitting	Chester A. Arthur	The design time off the White House was turn on the waterworks to Arthur's taste. He esoteric unfashionable and damaged furniture uninvolved, selling off twenty-four wagon slew of furniture and thirty great deal b much of china. He then appointed Associated Artists, where Louis Excise Tiffany was a partner, be adjacent to redesign several rooms.[68] The Ivory House Historical Association claims negation furniture was commissioned at that time,[68] but an 1881 information article in the Richmond Book noted that a new slab had been created for integrity president.[69] An 1882 ad settle in this desk is a Wooton Desk in the secretary genre, in use by President Character, and includes a quote disseminate colonel Almon F. Rockwell script a carved coronet in justness top guard.[70]	?

Notes

References

Works cited

External links