Brics manmohan singh biography

Manmohan Singh

Prime Minister of India differ 2004 to 2014

For other family unit named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh
Official portrait, 2009
In office 22 Hawthorn 2004 – 26 May 2014
President
Vice President
Preceded by	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded by	Narendra Modi
In office 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996
Prime Minister	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Preceded by	Yashwant Sinha
Succeeded by	Jaswant Singh
In office 21 March 1998 – 21 May 2004
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Chairman
Preceded by	Sikander Bakht
Succeeded by	Jaswant Singh
In office 19 August 2019 – 3 April 2024
Preceded by	Madan Lal Saini
Succeeded by	Sonia Gandhi
Constituency	Rajasthan
In office 1 Oct 1991 – 14 June 2019
Preceded by	Amritlal Basumatary
Succeeded by	Kamakhya Prasad Tasa
Constituency	Assam
In office 16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985
Preceded by	I. G. Patel
Succeeded by	Amitav Ghosh
Born	(1932-09-26)26 Sep 1932
Died	26 December 2024(2024-12-26) (aged 92) New City, Delhi, India
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse
Children	3, including Upinder and Daman
Alma mater
Profession	Economist academician bureaucrat politician
Awards	Full list
Signature

Manmohan Singh^[a] (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, learned, and bureaucrat, who served variety the prime minister of Bharat from 2004 to 2014.

Noteworthy was the fourth longest-serving central minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.^[1] A-ok member of the Indian State-run Congress, Singh was the twig Sikh prime minister of India.^[2] He was also the crowning prime minister since Nehru tablet be re-elected after completing capital full five-year term.^[3]^[4]

Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to Bharat during its partition in 1947.

After obtaining his doctorate dependably economics from the University boss Oxford, Singh worked for character United Nations during 1966–1969. Illegal subsequently began his bureaucratic vocation when Lalit Narayan Mishra leased him as an advisor soupзon the Ministry of Commerce endure Industry. During the 1970s arena 1980s, Singh held several cardinal posts in the Government compensation India, such as Chief Mercantile Advisor (1972–1976), governor of grandeur Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and mind of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

In 1991, as India unfortunate a severe economic crisis, high-mindedness newly elected prime minister, Proprietress. V. Narasimha Rao, inducted prestige apolitical Singh into his chiffonier as finance minister. Over greatness next few years, despite pungent opposition, he carried out a few structural reforms that liberalised India's economy.

Although these measures jammed successful in averting the emergency, and enhanced Singh's reputation in all places as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 common election. Subsequently, Singh was ruler of the opposition in influence Rajya Sabha (the upper do of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led United Growing Alliance came to power, spoil chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly surrendered the prime ministership to Singh. His first ministry executed a handful key legislations and projects, together with the National Rural Health Career, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Neighbourhood Guarantee scheme and Right give rise to Information Act.

In 2008, hopeful to a historic civil fissionable agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government cut into fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.^[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with Bharat as one of the institution members.^[6] India's economy grew like a flash during his term.^[7]^[8] In queen term the Public Sector go back was very rapid compared on two legs Vajpayee's era.^[9]

The 2009 general discretion saw the UPA return reach an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of adulthood minister.

After his term disappointed, he opted out from influence race for the office enjoy prime minister during the 2014 Indian general election.^[10] Singh was never a member of description Lok Sabha but served bit a member of the Rajya Sabha, representing the state exert a pull on Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 ballot vote 2024.^[11]^[12]

Early life and education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British India, into a stock of Punjabi Sikh dried conclusion traders of Khatri background.^[13]^[14] Top mother died when he was very young.^[15]^[16] He was easier said than done by his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was very close.^[13]^[16]

Singh was initially lettered at a local gurdwara, locale he began studying Urdu person in charge Punjabi.^[17] On 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in loftiness local Government Primary School, swivel he continued his Urdu-medium training until the age of 10 (Class 4), after which be active and his family moved commerce Peshawar.^[13]^[17]^[18] There, Singh was registered in the upper-primary Khalsa School.^[17] He sat for his admission examination in the summer enterprise 1947.^[13] Even as prime clergywoman years later, Singh wrote fulfil apparently Hindi speeches in representation Urdu script, although sometimes be active would also use Gurmukhi, precise script used to write Indian, his mother tongue.^[19]

After the Separation of India, his family migrated to Haldwani, India.^[15] In 1948 they relocated to Amritsar, vicinity he studied at Hindu School, Amritsar.^[15]^[20] He attended Panjab Creation, then in Hoshiarpur,^[21]^[22]^[23] Punjab, education Economics and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing cardinal throughout his academic career.

Appease completed his Economics Tripos go bad University of Cambridge in 1957. He was a member state under oath St John's College.^[24]

In a 2005 interview with the British hack Mark Tully, Singh said all but his Cambridge days:

I final became conscious of the ingenious role of politics in amalgam human affairs, and I be beholden to that mostly to my staff Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor.

Joan Robinson was a witty teacher, but she also hunted to awaken the inner principles of her students in spruce up manner that very few austerity were able to achieve. She questioned me a great parcel out and made me think say publicly unthinkable. She propounded the leftist wing interpretation of Keynes, prolongation that the state has require play more of a conduct yourself if you really want protect combine development with social objectivity.

Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, exciting, stimulating. Joan Robinson was spruce great admirer of what was going on in China, nevertheless Kaldor used the Keynesian examination to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.^[25]

After Metropolis, Singh returned to India near served as a teacher dispute Panjab University.^[26] In 1960, be active went to the University confront Oxford for his DPhil, whirl location he was a member be in command of Nuffield College.

His 1962 doctorial thesis under the supervision be in the region of Ian Little was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export apprehensiveness and policy implications", and was later the basis for climax book "India's Export Trends essential Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".^[27]

Early career

After completing his D.Phil., Singh correlative to India.

He was marvellous senior lecturer of economics cherished Panjab University from 1957 nominate 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served as a printer in economics at Panjab Formation, and from 1963 to 1965, he was an economics prof there.^[28] Then he went abrupt work for the United Offerings Conference on Trade and Awaken (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.^[24] Later, he was appointed chimpanzee an advisor to the Office holy orders of Foreign Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition invite Singh's talent as an economist.^[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor of international ocupation at the Delhi School exercise Economics, University of Delhi.^[24]^[30]

In 1972, Singh was chief economic confidante in the Ministry of Banking, and in 1976 he was secretary in the Finance Ministry.^[24] In 1980–1982 he was belittling the Planning Commission, and organize 1982, he was appointed control of the Reserve Bank intelligent India under then finance ecclesiastic Pranab Mukherjee and held class post until 1985.^[24] He went on to become the agent chairman of the Planning Organizartion (India) from 1985 to 1987.^[14] Following his tenure at description Planning Commission, he was paragraphist general of the South Task, an independent economic policy believe tank headquartered in Geneva, Schweiz from 1987 to November 1990.^[31]

Singh returned to India from Geneve in November 1990 and taken aloof the post as the consultant to Prime Minister of Bharat on economic affairs during dignity tenure of Chandra Shekar.^[24] Suppose March 1991, he became controller of the University Grants Commission.^[24]

Political career

In June 1991, India's maturity minister at the time, Possessor.

V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be his finance priest. Singh told Mark Tully, smashing British journalist, in 2005:

On the day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, he sent coronate Principal Secretary to me gnome, "The PM would like prickly to become the Minister relief Finance". I didn't take passive seriously. He eventually tracked receive down the next morning, to some extent angry, and demanded that Uncontrolled get dressed up and recur to Rashtrapati Bhavan for prestige swearing in.

So that's at any rate I started in politics[.]^[26]

Minister disregard Finance (1991–1996)

In 1991, India's financial deficit was close to 8.5 per cent of the big domestic product, the balance flash payments deficit was huge talented the current account deficit was close to 3.5 per misguided of India's GDP.^[32] India's nonnative reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay for 2 weeks of imports,^[33] in contrasting to US$600 billion in 2009.^[34]

Singh explained to the PM post the party that India in your right mind facing an unprecedented crisis.^[33] Nevertheless the rank and file detail the party resisted deregulation.^[33] In this fashion P.

Chidambaram and Singh explained to the party that influence economy would collapse if break was not deregulated.^[33] To significance dismay of the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate influence Indian economy.^[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who abstruse thus far been one adequate the most influential architects jump at India's socialist economy, eliminated excellence permit raj,^[33] reduced state catch of the economy, and condensed import taxes^[32]^[35] Rao and Singh thus implemented policies to agape up the economy and have emotional impact India's socialist economy to out more capitalistic one, in greatness process dismantling the License Raj, a system that inhibited prestige prosperity of private businesses.

They removed many obstacles standing family tree the way of Foreign Conduct Investment (FDI) and initiated magnanimity process of the privatisation topple public sector companies. However, make a purchase of spite of these reforms, Rao's government was voted out cage up 1996 due to non-performance operate government in other areas.

Shut in praise of Singh's work focus pushed India towards a bazaar economy, long-time Cabinet minister Holder. Chidambaram has compared Singh's impersonation in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.^[36]

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from rectitude post of Finance Minister back end a parliamentary investigation report criticised his ministry for not essence able to anticipate a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities scandal.

Prime Pastor Rao refused Singh's resignation, in preference to promising to punish the mingy directly accused in the report.^[37]

Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)

Singh was first elected make contact with the upper house of Congress, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991^[38]by the legislature of the remark of Assam, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007^[14] advocate 2013.^[39] From 1998 to 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Function was in power, Singh was the Leader of the Contrast in the Rajya Sabha.

Coerce 1999, he contested for prestige Lok Sabha from South Metropolis but was unable to come first the seat.^[40]

Prime Minister (2004–2014)

First label (2004–2009)

Economic policy

In 1991, Singh, as Finance Minister, abolished rectitude Licence Raj, source of leaden economic growth and corruption outward show the Indian economy for decades.

He liberalised the Indian husbandry, allowing it to speed deal with development dramatically. During his designation as prime minister, Singh long to encourage growth in dignity Indian market, enjoying widespread achievement in these matters. Singh, future with his finance minister, Proprietor. Chidambaram, presided over a age where the Indian economy grew with an 8–9% economic life rate.

In 2007, India consummated its highest GDP growth assistant of 9% and became rectitude second fastest growing major rundown in the world.^[44]^[45] Singh's priesthood enacted a National Employment Give your word Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.^[46]

Singh's create continued the Golden Quadrilateral topmost the highway modernisation program digress was initiated by Vajpayee's government.^[47] Singh also worked on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public segment companies.^[48] The Finance ministry affected towards relieving farmers of their debt and worked towards pro-industry policies.^[49] In 2005, Singh's decide introduced the value added unyielding, replacing sales tax.

In 2007 and early 2008, the worldwide problem of inflation impacted India.^[50]

Healthcare and education

In 2005, Prime Preacher Singh and his government's happiness ministry started the National Bucolic Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half a million community disease workers. This rural health ingenuity was praised by the Land economist Jeffrey Sachs.^[51] In 2006, his Government implemented the proposition to reserve 27% of places in All India Institute pay no attention to Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Amerind Institutes of Management (IIMs) topmost other central institutions of better-quality education for Other Backward Tutorial which led to 2006 Amerind anti-reservation protests.^[52]^[53]^[54]

On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry introduced the Pardon to Education Act (RTE) confrontation.

Eight IITs were opened providential the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.^[55] The Singh government also continuing the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan curriculum. The program includes the send and improvement of mid-day timber daily meals and the opening of schools all over India, especially check rural areas, to fight illiteracy.^[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror enrol with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).

National Inquiry Agency (NIA) was also authored soon after the 2008 Bombay terror attacks, as need mend a central agency to cope with terrorism was realised.^[57] Also, Unequalled Identification Authority of India was established in February 2009, gargantuan agency responsible for implementing glory envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Slip with the objective of accretionary national security and facilitating e-governance.^[58]

Singh's administration initiated a massive refurbishing effort in Kashmir to stabilize the region but after a selection of period of success, insurgent invasion and terrorism in Kashmir has increased since 2009.^[59] The Singh administration was, however, successful contain reducing terrorism in Northeast India.^[59]

In 2005, he controversially apologised abode behalf of the Indian Civil Congress for the bloodshed by the 1984 anti-Sikh riots joy a speech to Parliament.^[60]

Notable legislation

The important National Rural Employment Bond Act (NREGA) and the Accomplished to Information Act were passed by the Parliament in 2005 during his tenure.

Jorawar singh gandhi biography

While glory effectiveness of the NREGA has been successful at various gamut, in various regions, the RTI act has proved crucial din in India's fight against corruption.^[61] Additional cash benefits were also alien for widows, pregnant women, flourishing landless persons.^[62]^[63]

The Right to Exhibition Compensation and Transparency in Angle Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Daring act, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of integrity Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 in Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Asian parliament).

The bill received high-mindedness assent of the President medium India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.^[64] The Act came into force from 1 Jan 2014.^[65]^[66]^[67]

Right of Children to Provide and Compulsory Education Act was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities publicize the importance of free deliver compulsory education for children among 6 and 14 in Bharat under Article 21A of glory Indian Constitution.^[68] India became twin of 135 countries to formulate education a fundamental right give a miss every child when the decree came into force on 1 April 2010.^[69]^[70]^[71]

Foreign policy

See also: Endow with of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh continued the pragmatic foreign method that was started by P.V.

Narasimha Rao and continued bid Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee. Singh continued the at peace process with Pakistan initiated next to his predecessor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of high-level visits impervious to top leaders from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have been made during Singh's tenure to end the look onto dispute with People's Republic receive China.

In November 2006, Asiatic President Hu Jintao visited Bharat which was followed by Singh's visit to Beijing in Jan 2008. A major development move Sino-Indian relations was the reopening of the Nathula Pass end in 2006 after being closed select more than four decades.^[72]Premier go in for the State Council of authority People's Republic of China, Li Keqiang paid a state pay a call on to India (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 May 2013.^[72] Singh paid an official visit correspond with China from 22 to 24 October 2013.^[72] Three agreements were signed establishing sister-city partnership among Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu.

Bring in of 2010, the People's Nation of China was the alternative biggest trade partner of India.^[73]

Relations with Afghanistan have improved largely, with India now becoming picture largest regional donor to Afghanistan.^[74] During Afghan President Hamid Karzai's visit to New Delhi shaggy dog story August 2008, Manmohan Singh add-on the aid package to Afghanistan for the development of complicate schools, health clinics, infrastructure, post defence.^[75] Under the leadership pattern Singh, India emerged as melody of the single largest remain donors to Afghanistan.^[75]

Singh's government faked towards stronger ties with character United States.

He visited righteousness United States in July 2005 initiating negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. This was followed by George W. Bush's successful visit to India assimilate March 2006, during which blue blood the gentry declaration over the nuclear be of the same opinion was made, giving India grasp to American nuclear fuel added technology while India will fake to allow IAEA inspection read its civil nuclear reactors.

Care for more than two years characterise more negotiations, followed by backing from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and the US Meeting, India and the US unmixed the agreement on 10 Oct 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee in behalf of India.^[76] Singh had the twig official state visit to blue blood the gentry White House during the regulation of US President Barack Obama.

The visit took place put into operation November 2009, and several discussions took place, including on business and nuclear power.^[77]

Relations improved better Japan and European Union countries, like the United Kingdom, Author, and Germany. Relations with Persia continued and negotiations over description Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline have occupied place.

New Delhi hosted break India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended by justness leaders of 15 African states.^[78] Relations have improved with mess up developing countries, particularly Brazil roost South Africa. Singh carried enhance the momentum which was authoritative after the "Brasilia Declaration" play a role 2003 and the IBSA Discussion Forum was formed.^[79]

Singh's government has also been especially keen passion expanding ties with Israel.

Owing to 2003, the two countries plot made significant investments in babble other^[80] and Israel now rivals Russia to become India's most outstanding defence partner.^[81] Though there take been a few diplomatic glitches between India and Russia, fantastically over the delay and be inattentive hike of several Russian weapons to be delivered to India,^[82] relations between the two remained strong with India and Land signing various agreements to adjoining defence, nuclear energy and legroom co-operation.^[83]

During the Libyan Civil Contention, India abstained from voting blast the UN Security Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authoritative NATO action in Libya.^[84] Arbitrate Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted to condemn NATO's bellicose intervention in Libya.^[85]

In 2009, Singh was among the leaders who laid the foundation of probity BRICS.

The establishment of loftiness group is often described makeover a display of emergent mercantile power.^[6]

Singh criticised the West make public the use of force converge enforce regime change in Syria and Libya during his language at the UN in Sept 2011.^[86] India was silent date the killing of Gaddafi.^[87]^[88] Allowing India was among the hard few countries to recognise ethics Libyan National Transitional Council, go to see agreed to work with excellence Council to help rebuild Libya.^[89] India resent an ambassador nick Tripoli in July 2012 receipt shut its mission in Rottenstone in 2011.^[90]

Second term (2009–2014)

See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry

India restricted general elections to the Ordinal Lok Sabha in five phases between 16 April 2009 perch 13 May 2009.

Verity lambert waris hussein biography

Position results of the election were announced on 16 May 2009.^[91] Strong showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Progressive Fusion (UPA) form the new control under the incumbent Singh, who became the first prime itinerary since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to win re-election after finalization a full five-year term.^[3]^[4] Leadership Congress and its allies were able to put together uncut comfortable majority with support unfamiliar 322 members out of 543 members of the House.

These included those of the UPA and the external support come across the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Chat (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Blether (RJD) and other minor parties.^[92]

On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as excellence prime minister during a rite held at Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[93]^[94]

In consummate second term, Singh's government was involved in political scandals much as the 2G spectrum circumstances and the Commonwealth Games scandal.^[95]^[96]^[97]^[98]^[99] Singh declined to appear heretofore a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) in April 2013 when named upon by one of character members of JPC Yashwant Sinha for his alleged involvement condensation the 2G case.^[100] In 2017, all of the accused were acquitted in the 2G case.^[101] Following this verdict, the Legislature stated the "BJP has antique exposed for its untruth tube propaganda against Congress," and urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to apologise to the nation".^[102]

Following the 2012 Delhi gang despoliation and murder, Singh appealed endorse calm, stressing that "violence desire serve no purpose".^[103] In on the rocks televised address, he assured lapse all possible efforts would wool made to ensure the keeping of women in India.

Singh expressed empathy, saying: "As a-one father of three daughters Irrational feel as strongly about grandeur incident as each one sustaining you".^[103] As a tribute redo the victim, the prime clergywoman cancelled all his official legend to celebrate the new year.^[104]

The 2012 report filed by greatness CAG in Parliament of Bharat states that due to rectitude allocation of coal blocks bash into certain private companies without stand for process the nation suffered spoil estimated loss of Rs 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 streak 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal minister admire India.^[105]^[106]

Singh's government had an countenance rating of 30% by 2013.^[107]

Post-premiership (2014–2024)

Singh's premiership officially ended inert noon on 17 May 2014.

He did not contest excellence 2014 general election for prestige 16th Lok Sabha as honourableness prime ministerial candidate. He long-suffering his post as prime clergywoman after the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance won illustriousness election. He served as greatness acting prime minister till 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi was sworn in as rendering new prime minister.^[108]^[109] Singh, future with Congress president Sonia Statesman, former Presidents A.

P. Document. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Vice-President Hamid Ansari overflowing with Modi's swearing-in ceremony.^[110]

In 2016, speedy was announced that Singh was to take up a penchant at Panjab University as description Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which sharp-tasting eventually did not.^[111] He was elected as the Rajya Sabha MP for Rajasthan in 2019, succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini.

Singh retired from grandeur Rajya Sabha in April 2024 and was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.^[112]

Public image and legacy

The Independent described Singh as "one guide the world's most revered leaders" and "a man of meagre decency and grace", noting go off at a tangent he drives a Maruti 800, one of the humblest cars in the Indian market.

Khushwant Singh lauded Singh as dignity best prime minister India has had, even rating him predominant than Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions an incident in his emergency supply Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down get rid of Life, Death and Most attributes In-between where after losing birth 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh immediately returned the ₹2 100000 (US$2,300) he had borrowed get out of the writer for hiring taxis.

Terming him as the outstrip example of integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people talk be required of integrity, I say the gain the advantage over example is the man who occupies the country's highest office."^[113]

In 2010, Newsweek magazine recognised him as a world leader who is respected by other heads of state, describing him rightfully "the leader other leaders love." The article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh practical "the model of what graceful political leader should be."^[114] Singh also received the World Mp Award in 2010.

Henry Diplomatist described Singh as "a student with vision, persistence and integrity", and praised him for rulership "leadership, which has been auxiliary in the economic transformation happening in India."^[115]

Singh was ranked 18 on the 2010 Forbes file of the World's Most Beefy People.^[116]Forbes magazine described Singh whilst being "universally praised as India's best prime minister since Nehru".^[117] Australian journalist Greg Sheridan eternal Singh "as one of goodness greatest statesmen in Asian history."^[118] Singh was later ranked 19 and 28 in 2012 additional 2013 in the Forbes list.^[119]^[120]^[121]Time magazine described Singh as "guiding India into the ranks give a rough idea the great powers".^[122]

Conversely, Time magazine's Asia edition for 10–17 July 2012, on its cover remarked that Singh was an "underachiever".^[123] It stated that Singh appears "unwilling to stick his canoodle out" on reforms that longing put the country back age a growth path.

Congress advocate Manish Tewari rebutted the excise. UPA ally Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue with the magazine's statements. Praising the government, Prasad said UPA projects [were] experience well and asked, "What liking America say as their corresponding economy is shattered?".^[124] Additionally, Singh faced negative reception following decency 2008 Mumbai attacks for sweeping continuous short on enhancing national security.^[125]

In his 2020 memoir A Affianced Land, former U.S.

President Barack Obama called Singh "Wise, considerate, and scrupulously honest".^[126]

Political opponents, with BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, have claimed that Singh survey a "weak" prime minister. Advani declared "He is weak. What do I call a unusual who can't take his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."^[127]^[128]^[129]Arvind Kejriwal in 2018 said honourableness people are "missing an selfish PM like Dr Manmohan Singh".^[130] In 2022, Union Transport Pastor of Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari said the "country is beholden to Manmohan Singh for prestige liberalisation that gave a additional direction".^[131]

In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi had termed Singh gorilla "night watchman" and a "puppet of the Gandhi family".^[132] Make stronger 8 February 2024, Modi godlike Manmohan Singh stating,^[133]

Ideological differences tv show short lived, but the turn Manmohan Singh has guided that House and the country realize such a long period, unquestionable will be remembered for potentate contributions during every discussion top up our democracy.

Modi also recalled during the time that Singh arrived at the Senate in a wheelchair to blue his vote over a crucial legislation.^[133]

Following his death, Prime Pastor Narendra Modi called Singh ventilate of "India's most distinguished leaders" and declared national mourning.^[134] Foreman Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Leader Rahul Gandhi, Nation state Affairs Minister Amit Shah, Assertion Minister Rajnath Singh and erstwhile Prime Minister H.

D. Deve Gowda issued statements praising Singh and his leadership after top death.^[135]Mauritius^[136] and Bhutan^[137] flew their flags at half-mast to grieve over the death of Singh.

Family and personal life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur in 1958. They challenging three daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.^[138] Upinder Singh is a professor castigate history at Ashoka University.^[139] Daman Singh is a graduate attention St.

Stephen's College, Delhi additional Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, and author of The Last Frontier: People and Forests in Mizoram and a account, Nine by Nine,^[140] Amrit Singh is a staff attorney combination the American Civil Liberties Union.^[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, smart 1983 batch Indian Police Boasting officer, was appointed CEO admit National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) pull 2016.^[142]

Singh was attacked during dignity 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and conj admitting financial assistance to the Citizens' Relief Committee.^[143]

Singh was a vegetarian.^[144]

Until his death, Singh resided gift wrap 3, Motilal Nehru Marg school in New Delhi.^[145]

Illness and death

Main article: Death and state funeral marketplace Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent multiple cardiac bypass surgeries, the last disseminate which took place in Jan 2009.^[146] In May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at the Border India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) due to a forbid reaction from his medication.^[147] Cut down April 2021, Singh was hospitalised after testing positive for COVID-19.^[148] In October 2021, Singh was hospitalised again at the AIIMS after experiencing weakness and fever.^[149]

On 26 December 2024, Singh sunken disgraced at his home in Additional Delhi and was admitted lookout the emergency department of AIIMS Delhi.^[150]^[151] Singh died a infrequent hours after his hospitalisation take into account the age of 92.^[152]^[134]^[153] Honourableness government subsequently announced a generation of national mourning until 1 January 2025^[154]^[155] and accorded Singh a state funeral at potentate cremation at Nigam Bodh Ghat, New Delhi on 28 December.^[3]

Awards and honours

Main article: List carp awards and honours received surpass Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In popular culture

A Bollywood film was made include 2019 based on Singh's step, titled The Accidental Prime Minister directed by Vijay Gutte additional written by Mayank Tewari critical remark Anupam Kher in the nominal role.^[156] The film was supported on the 2014 memoir firm footing the same name by Sanjaya Baru.^[157]^[158]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Indian documentary television series which aired on ABP News charge covers the various policies gleam political tenures of Indian Syndrome, includes the tenure of Manmohan Singh in the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", and "Scams in UPA government and anti-corruption movement".^[159]