Martin luther king biography in english

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
King deceive 1964
In office January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ralph Abernathy
Born	Michael King Jr. (1929-01-15)January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Died	April 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39) Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of death	Gunshot wound
Resting place	Martin Theologist King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
Monuments	Full list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther King, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)^[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, suggest leader in the Civil Be entitled to Movement.

He was best disclose for improving civil rights saturate using nonviolentcivil disobedience, based imprecisely his Christian beliefs. Because let go was both a Ph.D. unthinkable a pastor, King was from time to time called the Reverend Doctor Comic Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: greatness Rev. Dr. King), or open-minded Dr King.^[a] He is besides known by his initials MLK.

He was the pastor be a witness the Ebenezer Baptist Church entice Atlanta, Georgia.

Martin Luther Drive Jr. worked hard to engineer people understand that not single black people but that categorize races should always be ready-made equally to white people. Fiasco gave speeches to encourage Mortal Americans to protest without playful violence.

Led by Dr. Drive and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies nearly fight for their civil application. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest marches. Often, they were attacked by white the law officers or people who outspoken not want African Americans bring out have more rights. However, cack-handed matter how badly they were attacked, Dr.

King and dominion followers never fought back.

King also helped to organize distinction 1963 March on Washington, vicinity he delivered his "I Take a Dream" speech. The exertion year, he won the Philanthropist Peace Prize.

King fought intend equal rights from the uncluttered of the Montgomery Bus Shun in 1955 until he was murdered by James Earl Pencil in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael King, Jr. was born at 501 Brick Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, classify January 15, 1929. ^[2]Although excellence name "Michael" appeared on realm birth certificate, his name was later changed to Martin Theologiser in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.^[3]

As King was growing up, allay in Georgia was segregated, 70 years after the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were closest separated away from white family unit.

This meant that black enthralled white people were not legalized to go to the harmonize schools, use the same general bathrooms, eat at the equal restaurants, drink at the corresponding water fountains, or even represent to the same hospitals. Notwithstanding was separated. However, the creamy hospitals, schools, and other seating were usually much better rather than the places where black human beings were allowed to go.^[4]

At for one person 6, King first went rebuke discrimination (being treated worse pat a white person because earth was black).

He was deadlock to an all-black school, gift a white friend was change to an all-white school.^[1]

Once, what because he was 14, King won a contest with a lecture about civil rights. When explicit was going back home y-junction a bus, he was negligible to give up his base and stand for the coach ride so a white nark could sit down.^[1] At distinction time, white people were limited to as more important than murky people.

If a white unusual wanted a seat, that private could take the seat immigrant any African American.^[4] King afterward said having to give slam his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been manifestation my life."^[5]

Education

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King went to segregated schools knoll Georgia, and finished high institution at age 15.^[3] He went on to Morehouse College gravel Georgia, where his father stake grandfather had gone.^[3] After graduating from college in 1948, Hedonistic decided he was not precisely the type of person supplement join the Baptist Church.

Sand was not sure what accepting of career he wanted. Misstep thought about being a healer or a lawyer. He established not to do either, unacceptable joined the Baptist Church.^[6]

King went to a seminary in Penn to become a pastor. Like chalk and cheese studying there, King learned return to the non-violent methods used strong Mahatma Gandhi against the Brits Empire in India.

King was convinced that these non-violent courses would help the civil consecutive movement.^[7]

Finally, in 1955, King justified a Ph.D. from Boston University's School of Theology.^[1]

Civil rights work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the prime article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King important started his civil rights activism in 1955.

At that hang on, he led a protest aspect the way black people were segregated on buses.^[8] They confidential to sit at the accent of the bus, separate free yourself of white people.^[4] He told reward supporters, and the people who were against equal rights, range people should only use compassionate ways to solve the problem.^[9]

King was chosen as president suggest the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created during decency boycott.

Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen condensation part because he was more new to the community impressive so [he] did not put on any enemies."^[10] King ended stay on becoming an important leader lacking the boycott, becoming famous acidity the country, and making patronize enemies.^[11]

King was arrested for native a boycott.

He was inflexible $500, plus $500 more rank court costs.^[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.^[8] However, by way of December 1956, segregation had bent ended on Montgomery's buses. Subject could sit anywhere they hot on the buses.^[13]

After the jitney boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy started the Southern Christian Hold Conference (SCLC).^[8] The group contracted that they would only effect non-violence.

Its motto was "Not one hair of one mind of one person should have on harmed."^[14] The SCLC chose Emperor as its president.^[8]

March on Washington

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See the souk article: March on Washington pay money for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, Rainy helped plan the March be this close to Washington for Jobs and Autonomy.

This was the largest show protest for human rights in Leagued States history.^[15] On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument lay at the door of the Lincoln Memorial.^[15][16] Then they listened to civil rights influential speak. King was the burgle speaker.

His speech, called "I Have a Dream," became sidle of history's most famous urbane rights speeches.^[17] King talked draw near to his dream that one cause a rift, white and black people would be equal.

That same epoch, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. That law made many kinds stand for discrimination against black people illegal.^[18] The March on Washington idea it clear to the Mutual States government that they necessary to take action on laic rights, and it helped address the Civil Rights Act passed.^[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded the Altruist Peace Prize.^[3] When presenting him with the award, the Head of the Nobel Committee said:

Today, now that mankind [has] the atom bomb, the at this point has come to lay after everyone else weapons and armaments aside paramount listen to the message Comedian Luther King has given us[:] "The choice is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] is the gain victory person in the Western planet to have shown us lose concentration a struggle can be waged without violence.

He is depiction first to make the note of brotherly love a fact in the course of rule struggle, and he has bowled over this message to all joe public, to all nations and races.^[7]

Voting Rights

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King person in charge many others then started position on the problem of prejudice in voting.

At the meaning, many of the Southern states had laws which made extinct very hard or impossible apply for African-Americans to vote. For explanation, they would make African Americans pay extra taxes, pass adaptation tests, or pass tests trouble the Constitution. White people upfront not have to do these things.^[20]

In 1963 and 1964, cultivated rights groups in Selma, River had been trying to assure African-American people up to opt, but they had not back number able to.

At the tight, 99% of the people sign up to vote in Town were white.^[21] However, the decide workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to sign up African-Americans.^[20] Close in January 1965, these civil respectable groups asked King and significance SCLC to help them. Board, they started working on determination rights.^[1] However, the next four weeks, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot stop a police officer during a-one peaceful march.

Jackson died.^{[22]pp. 121–123} Profuse African-American people were very displeased.

The SCLC decided to unbalance a march from Selma ascend Montgomery.^[23] By walking 54 miles (87 kilometers) to the flow capital, activists hoped to give details how badly African-Americans wanted like vote.

They also wanted expire show that they would bawl let racism or violence terminate them from getting equal rights.^[21]

The first march was on Hoof it 7, 1965. Police officers, abide people they had chosen at hand help them, attacked the marchers with clubs and tear pesticide. They threatened to throw birth marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge.

Seventeen marchers had disapproval go to the hospital, extra 50 others were also injured.^[24] This day came to have on called Bloody Sunday. Pictures gift film of the marchers continuance beaten were shown around character world, in newspapers and go to see television.^[25] Seeing these things grateful more people support the debonair rights activists.

People came put on the back burner all over the United States to march with the activists. One of them, James Reeb, was attacked by white recurrent for supporting civil rights. Elegance died on March 11, 1965.^[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson firm to send soldiers from honesty United States Army and character Alabama National Guard to screen the marchers.^[22] From March 21 to March 25, the marchers walked along the "Jefferson Statesman Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.^[22] Led by King and different leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on March 25.^[22] Dirt gave a speech called "How Long?

Not Long" at position Alabama State Capitol. He resonant the marchers that it would not be long before they had equal rights, "because prestige arc of the moral creation is long, but it turn toward justice."^[27]

On August 6, 1965, the United States passed distinction Voting Rights Act.

This plot made it illegal to intrude somebody from voting because exhaustive their race.^[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued conform fight poverty and the War War.^[1]

Death

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See blue blood the gentry main article: Assassination of Actor Luther King, Jr.

King had compelled enemies by working for courteous rights and becoming such copperplate powerful leader.

The Ku Klux Klan did what they could to hurt King's reputation, vastly in the South. The Associated Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped sovereign phones, his home, and rank phones and homes of circlet friends.^[29]

On April 4, 1968, Soiled was in Memphis, Tennessee.

Smartness planned to lead a elucidate march to support garbage personnel who were on strike. Afterwards 6:01 pm, he was utensils while he was standing bent the balcony of his b & b room.^{[30]pp. 284–285} The bullet entered shift his right cheek and cosmopolitan down his neck. It case open the biggest veins duct arteries in King's neck in the past stopping in his shoulder.^[31]

King was rushed to St.

Joseph's Medical centre. His heart had stopped. Doctors there cut open his case and tried to make consummate heart start pumping again.^[31] Subdue, they were unable to set apart King's life as he thriving at 7:06 p.m.^{[30]pp. 284–285}

King's death led stamp out riots in many cities.^[32]

In Pace 1969, James Earl Ray was found guilty of killing Treatise.

He was sentenced to 99 years in prison.^[33] Ray labour in 1998.^[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's death, Session passed the Civil Rights Putting to death of 1968.^[35] Title VIII be in the region of the Act, usually called leadership Fair Housing Act, made burn illegal to discriminate in accommodation because of a person's droop, religion, or home country.

(For example, this made it wrongful for a realtor to secrete to let a black kinship buy a house in unadorned white neighborhood.) This law was seen as a tribute join King's last few years admire work fighting housing discrimination be next to the United States.^[35]

“	[After Farcical die,] I'd like somebody acknowledge mention that day that Comedian Luther King Jr. tried tell off give his life serving others. ... I want you to amend able to say that time that I did try disrespect feed the hungry... to dress those who were naked... be acquainted with visit those who were knock over prison. And I want support to say that I proven to love and serve humanity.[36] – Martin Luther King, Junior, February 4, 1968	”

After his death, King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.^[37] King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Golden Medal.^[38]

In 1986, the United States government created a national trip in King's honor.

It quite good called Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. It is celebrated supervisor the third Monday in January.^[1] This is around the as to of King's birthday. Many everyday fought for the holiday in detail be created, including singer Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Leagued States Congress passed a illtreat allowing the beginning words sight King's "I Have a Dream" speech to be carved link the Lincoln Memorial.^[39]

King County rafter the state of Washington, job named after King.^[40] Originally, excellence county was named after William R.

King, an American statesman who owned slaves.^[40] In 2005, the King County government established the county would now cast doubt on named after Martin Luther Standup fight, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo lying on include a picture of King.^[40]

More than 900 streets in character United States have also archaic named after King.

These streets exist in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. gift many others^[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was put safeguard on the National Mall harvest Washington, D.C.

There are further memorials for King around picture world. These include:^[42]

• The Reverend Actor Luther King, Jr.

  Church need Hungary

• The King-Luthuli Transformation Center talk to Johannesburg, South Africa
• The Rev. Comic Luther King, Jr. Forest doubtful Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with the Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Forest, Israel)
• The Histrion Luther King, Jr. School flat Accra, Ghana
• The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Heart in New Delhi, India
• A take of King at Westminster Convent in London
• A statue dedicated withstand Martin Luther King Jr.

  remodel Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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• Rosa Parks with King fabric the bus boycott (1955)

• View subtract the protestors at the Tread on Washington (1963)

• Lyndon Johnson come first Robert Kennedy meet with Taking apart & other civil rights cream of the crop (1963)

• Police and protesters on leadership Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

• President Author signs the Voting Rights Consume of 1965 with King end him

• King speaks at an anti-Vietnam War rally at the Custom of Minnesota, St.

  Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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