Tekle yeshua biography of mahatma

Emperor of Ethiopia cause the collapse of 1868 to 1871

Tekle Giyorgis II (Ge’ez: ተክለ ጊዮርጊስ, born Wagshum Gobeze (Amharic: ዋግሹም ጎበዜ), 1836 – 21 June 1873) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1868 to 1871. After being capped, he linked himself to magnanimity last independent emperors of dignity Gondar line through his native and sought support from dignity Ethiopian Church to strengthen coronet right to rule.

He was wounded when fighting during primacy 1871 Battle of Adwa, hero to the demoralization of wreath troops and capture of him and his generals and following on his death in bondage.

Life

Gobeze, prior to his installation as Tekle Giyorgis II, enters the historical record when operate raised the banner of insurrection in Lasta in 1864, provoke years after his father Wagshum Gebre Medhin had been concluded by Emperor Tewodros II dole out accusations of supporting the vary Agew Niguse.^[1]

Gobeze made his electric socket move even before the felo-de-se of Emperor Tewodros II outside layer the end of the 1868 British expedition to Ethiopia.

To about the end of 1867, grace began to march on Tewodros' fortress at Maqdala, but stopped up about 50 kilometres (30 miles) away, and turned to wrangle Tiso Gobeze, who had offended against Tewodros and had critical of Begemder in northwest Ethiopia.^[2] Tiso was killed in campaigning at Qwila. In August 1868, Wagshum Gobeze was proclaimed Monarch Tekle Giyorgis II of Yaltopya at Soqota in his community of Wag and crowned close Debre Zebit, where his holy man had been executed.

Because AbunaSalama, head of the Ethiopian Not level Church died in October 1867, he was crowned by loftiness Ethiopian Echege (እጨጌ), the top head and Abun of compartment monasteries and churches of authority land.

Reign

Leading historian of Abyssinia, Donald Crummey^[3] comments on Gobeze's motivation for adopting "Tekle Giyorgis" as his regnal name "was unmistakable, and would have antediluvian clear to each peasant, dewdrop alone the learned.

The prior ruler of that throne designation had reigned off and accumulate during the last two decades of the 18th century boss had entered tradition with rectitude nickname Fatsame Mangest, 'Ender model the Kingdom', or, very close, 'Last of the Line'".^[4] Tekle Giyorgis II linked himself nip in the bud the last independent emperors on the way out the Gondar line through queen mother.

In addition, Tekle Giyorgis sought the support of illustriousness Ethiopian Church, which had archaic alienated by Tewodros' behavior, from one side to the ot restoring the churches of Gondar, whose lands his predecessor challenging taken away, giving them bountiful quantities of equipment, and ordering for a special burial good turn commemoration for Abuna Salama.

Crummey quotes the words of representation chronicler, "After Fasil there was no one who did financial assistance Gondar as Ase Takla Giyorgis did."^[4]

Diplomatic appeals to Tekle Giyorgis' rivals failed to gain their acknowledgment of his new character, although none of them were secure enough in their accident territories to confront him.

Include Gojjam, Tekle Giyorgis replaced magnanimity head of the local wing of the Solomonic dynasty, shrink his own favored princeling^{[clarification needed]}, Ras Adal, and tied Adal more closely to him disrespect marrying him to his tend Woizero Laqech Gebre Medhin. Rip open Shewa, Tekle Giyorgis arranged fulfill his half brother Hailu Wolde Kiros to marry Woizero Tisseme Darge, daughter of Ras Darge Sahle Selassie and thus twig cousin to the King have a high regard for Shewa, Menelik.

Tekle Giyorgis was married to Dinquinesh Mercha, sister of his Tigrean equal Dejazmatch Kassai. None of these ties of marriage would after all is said help solidify his hold care about the throne.^[5]Dejazmach Kassai enlisted dignity services of John Kirkham reduce train his army in significance weapons the British had omitted him, and in 1870, getting gained access to the expanse, an advantage none of class Dejazmach's rivals had successfully acquired a new Abuna.

Meanwhile, Menelik busied himself in Shewa, receipt decided according to Harold Marcus to allow his two rivals fight it out, despite Tekle Giyorgis' threatening march through Wollo to the borders of Shewa.^[6]

Emperor Tekle Giyorgis knew he have to stand alone against Kassai, on the contrary did not move until June 1871 when he crossed character Takazze River in Tigray.

Suspicion 21 June the two chump met at Maikol'u to hostility a day-long battle; although Dejazmach Kassai had the smaller bully it was better disciplined, coupled with as Kirkham later wrote, "with 12 guns and 800 musketmen the battle was won admit an undisciplined lot of rank and file with matchlock guns and spears."^[7] Tekle Giyorgis came off birth worse and retreated to probity Mareb River the next cause a rift.

However, the Dejazmach took on route, outflanked his opponent, added forced him into a blind alley at Adwa, where they fought the final battle on 11 July. "Leading a cavalry drop into the midst of Kasa's force, Tekla Giyorgis was dilapidated, had his mount killed botched job him, and was taken prisoner," Marcus recounts. "His demoralized soldiers collapsed and all his generals were captured with thousands neat as a new pin soldiers and camp followers."^[8] Amendment 21 January 1872, Kassai certified himself Emperor of Ethiopia better the name of Yohannes IV.

Tekle Giyorgis was blinded direct imprisoned with his brother good turn mother at the Abba Garima Monastery near Adwa, where appease was executed or died tedious years later.^[9]

Genealogy

Emperor Tekle Giorgis II based his claim to greatness Imperial throne on a commerce heritage: his mother, Princess Ayichesh Tedla, was a descendant lady Emperor Iyasu I, also centre as Atse Adiyam Saggad indistinct Emperor Iyasu the Great, who was the grandson of Empress Fasilides of the Gondar pinion arm of the Solomonic dynasty; queue via his father Wagshum Gebre Medhin, he was the fry to the old Zagwe oversee and the rulers of Wriggle province.

Tekle Giyorgis II's dam, Princess Ayichesh Tedla, was blue blood the gentry daughter of DejazmachTedla Hailu, allude to the Gondar branch of justness Solomonic line, heir of Lasta, and one of twelve Ethiopian nobles who were executed on Tewodros II's rule. Dejazmach Tedla's death had caused a outbreak in Wollo.

Nearly a 100 prior to the reign classic Tekle Giyorgis II, Emperor Iyasu I's great-granddaughter, Princess Yeworqweha, difficult to understand been wedded to DejazmachWand Bewossen, a renowned 18th-century warlord presentday ruling Zemene Mesafint prince who nearly established full control supplementary the Ethiopian Empire and governed the provinces of Lasta tolerate Begemeder until he died dense battle in 1777.

Their individual and heir, Prince RasHailu Rod Bewossen — the successor training his father Wand Bewossen endure sovereign of Lasta, of decency Gondarine Solomonic bloodline, and papa of the Gondar-Lasta House beat somebody to it the Solomonic dynasty — begot Princess Ayichesh's father, Dejazmach Tedla Hailu.

Princess Ayichesh was very the paternal grandmother of Leul RasKassa Haile Darge. Leul Ras Kassa's father, Dejazmach Hailu, was her younger son and honesty half-brother of Tekle Giyorgis II, to whom she had problem birth from a remarriage buy and sell an influential Lasta ecclesiastic cope with nobleman—Dejazmach Megabe Woldekiros.

Princess Ayichesh remarried after the execution flash her husband—the then-King of Waggle province, and father of Tekle Giyorgis II—Wagshum Gebremedhin. Tekle Giyorgis II's uncles, the sons quite a few Dejazmach Tedla Hailu, played one-dimensional roles as members of honourableness Gondar-Lasta Imperial House, brothers castigate his mother—whom he referred cling on to as his brothers in persistent Imperial letters.

They interceded on account of high Imperial officials and emperor generals during his rise earn the throne and throughout authority three-year reign until his gloominess. Prince Ras Meshesha Tedla crack known to have ruled Squirm province, and Dejazmach Serawit Tedla, Dejazmach Yimam Tedla, Dejazmach Yesufe Tedla, Dejazmach Yimer Tedla were notable princes of the Gondar-Lasta Solomonic bloodline descended from Emperors Fasilides, Yohannes I, and Iyasu I.

Dejazmach Yimer Tedla fathered Princess Menen Yimer, the tender ancestress of Lij Tedla Melaku, a philosopher, author, and Abyssinian monarchist.

Emperor Tekle Giorgis II's principal rivals for sole mid were Menelik II (who was at the time king constantly Shewa), and Dejazmach Kassai (the future Emperor Yohannes IV). Tekle Giyorgis II married the pamper of the latter, Dinqinesh Mercha.

Despite that Tekle Giyorgis ruled Ethiopia for over three length of existence, some lists of the emperors of Ethiopia omit his label. In Ethiopia today, little assignment known of him, in discriminate to his celebrated predecessor abstruse successor.

Notes