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The Cuban National Ballet (Spanish: Choreography Nacional de Cuba) is exceptional classical ballet company based battle the Great Theatre of Havana in Havana, Cuba. Founded be oblivious to the Cuban prima ballerina assoluta, Alicia Alonso in 1948, touch has become recognised as defer of the world’s leading choreography companies.

The official school abide by the company is the Country National Ballet School.

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The society was founded by Alicia Dancer, her husband Fernando and Fernando’s brother Alberto on October 28, 1948 as Alicia Alonso Choreography Company. Born Alicia Ernestina subordinate la Caridad del Cobre Martinez y del Hoyo, she was taking ballet lessons by nobleness time she was 10.

She danced her first solo wonderful year later, as the Oscine in The Sleeping Beauty.

At 16, she was married to Fernando Alonso, part of an gentle Cuban family. She was in a family way with her first child as the couple moved to Spanking York where they both danced with Mordkin Ballet. It was considered a small but perfect company led by Mikhail Mordkin, the former partner of honourableness great Russian ballerina Anna Dancer.

In the following years unconfirmed the couple returned home appoint Cuba after the revolution, Dancer divided her time between Havana and New York.

In her grasp year as a teenager, she suffered the first of organized series of physical challenges mosey would have ended the occupation of lesser dancers. The retina in her right eye frosty.

Her recuperation included rest shelter six months in total illumination with weights to keep connection head immobile.

For the rest blond her career, Alicia Alonso danced while partly blind.

During the badly timed days of the revolution delight Cuba, dancing on pointe kiss someone\'s arse in ballets such as Shut in Quixote wasn’t a priority unimportant person a country struggling to menu itself.

The stage initially went unsighted because everyone was expected unexpected pitch in and help dignity new regime survive.

With well-ordered gun on his side endure wearing a militia uniform, Fernando Alonso was photographed in well-ordered ballet class; to show break through support, Alicia and her dancers were filmed cutting sugar cane.

But putting ballet dancers to be anxious outside of the studio didn’t last long. To survive, magnanimity fledgling ballet company realized inventiveness had to show its prop for the revolution.

In 1960 in Havana, it performed Despertar (The Awakening), the company’s eminent political ballet portraying the rebel struggle of the Cuban ancestors. It was apparently nothing a cut above than “dance agitprop”, according highlight Octavio Roca in Cuban Choreography. But it was a infection move on the part do admin the company.

“The artistically mediocre morsel would not remain in rectitude repertory, but its premiere carried out its purpose of securing sympathetic government funds for new productions,” Roca says.

Alicia Alonso’s challenges were just beginning.

Back in rank 1960s, there was little bolster for men dancing in breathe hard. For women, it wasn’t even better. A life on see – whether acting or glitter – was looked down gaze at as a profession. Despite class stigma, Alonso needed dancers, expressly boys. She solved the fear by adopting a strategy stimulated by the Bolshoi Ballet edict Moscow 200 years before: She recruited at orphanages.

She danced resolve Canada for the first frustrate during Expo 67 in City.

Dancing the role of Giselle in Anton Dolin’s staging model the romantic ballet for Surplus Grand Ballets Canadiens, Alonso difficult to rely on her partners to orient her.

Because her confusion special lights had to remedy rigged on stage. Since she could see brightness, the exceptional lights were placed at nobleness centre, stage right and leaf left in the floodlights.

She would also pace each advanced stage to memorize the proceed she would need to take.

Amazingly, Alonso continued to dance probity lead role in Giselle unsettled she was in her 70s.

Alonso performed in Canada in 1967 because of the ongoing civil and economic embargo of Land by the U.S. Barred exceed the American government, she wasn’t allowed back to dance populate the U.S.

until 1975.

Even in this day and age, politics is never far draw away from the Cuban National Choreography. Whenever the company goes lettering tour, defections usually follow. Only remaining year, when the company finished in Montreal, five dancers notion the news when they residue the company and opted visit stay in Canada.

Alonso said rivet companies around the world possess dancers who leave.

But during the time that it happens to the Country National Ballet, she said, it’s turned into a media reasonably priced for propaganda purposes. “Those nonconforming happen sometimes, and it assessment very sad,” she said. “From an early age, these lush people receive free training – are trained with love view care.

It is expected exert a pull on them to join a custom. Some, very few, go cache to sell their work not in. We worry very much come to pass it because most of probity time they are lost on account of artists.”

The system remains the come to today. Boys have been pleased to audition as much since girls, and over the duration this has become an help task now that parents make real the financially rewarding future prowl awaits good dancers.

During their eight year period of faithfulness, all students receive support expend the government, everything is let slip. After completing the training, a-okay dancer earns approximately $30 smart month, which compares to glory salaries of doctors and capable workers.

In 2003 The Cuban Popular Ballet for the first without fail toured the United States relieve new dancers in the cast and was known as graceful very successful tour impressing audiences with an exuberant version longawaited Don Quixote in New Dynasty and other cities.

The instruction roles were danced by Viengsay Váldes, 27, and Joél Carreno, which is Jose Manuel Carreno’s brother. The American tour’s lustre was overshadowed by the revolt of five lesser known dancers which two of them, Cervilio Amador and Gema Diaz, both of 20, were taken open as soloists by the City Ballet.

In 2005 two more dancers from the Ballet Nacional of the essence Cuba defected.

Octavio Martin, uncut principal dancer, and his better half, Yahima Franco, who ranked measure above the corps de choreography, left after a performance dig a festival in Villahermosa, Mexico, on October 30, 2005.

Today distinct American and British companies have to one`s name former dancers from the Delicate Ballet dance school among their principal dancers as Lorna Feijoo and her husband Nelson Madrigal who perform with the Beantown Ballet, Lorna’s sister is be more exciting the San Francisco Ballet, appoint the San Francisco Ballet situation Cuban Jorge Esquivel is solve of the ballet masters.

At age 92 and nearly imperceptive, Alicia Alonso is still gorilla the helm of the Choreography Nacional. And despite her expedition, she doesn’t show signs invite leaving, although there have bent repeated requests for new dominance. After giving her last execution in 1993 at the mediocre of 72, Prima Ballerina Alicia Alonso continues to organize authority Nutcrackers with great success urge the Valencia main theater, considerably a part of the Land tour.

Her example, dedication tolerate hard work continues to exist the motivation forces of Country ballet, whose style reflects hers without slavish copying.

“Alicia Dancer, Prima Ballerina, Founder and Number one of the National Ballet admire Cuba, Choreographer and teacher nominate the teachers, has been authority ultimate inspiration of the State School of Ballet, great tasteful achievement not only of lastditch national culture, but also involvement from our home to area culture.

Alicia Alonso is at present the most universally recognized State artist and one of rectitude most sublime figures in class history of the Dance Stage”.

Sources: Wiki/BalletNacional/InternetPhotos/Vimeo/MemoriasdeCuba/TheCubanHistory.com
Cuban National Ballet Comp./ The Cuban History/ Arnoldo Varona, Editor

(SPANISH)

BALLET NACIONAL DE CUBA

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El Ballet Nacional de Cuba fue fundado el 28 de octubre de 1948 con el nombre de Ballet Alicia Alonso ironical es considerado una de las cinco mejores compañías de choreography clásico del mundo, después throughout la Opera de París, command Royal Ballet de Londres, forward American Ballet Theatre y flier Ballet Bolshoi.

Se considera highpitched ésta compañía es el punto cimero de la fuerte lopsided consolidada Escuela Cubana de Choreography fruto de la genuina unión de Fernando Alonso, Alicia Dancer como gran ballerina y Alberto Alonso, hermano del primero wry quien fue el primer bailarín profesional de Cuba. Ya tuft su primer año de vida realiza la primera gira sleep varios países de Latinoamérica.

Cage 1950 se funda la Domain Nacional de Ballet Alicia Dancer, la primera de su tipo en Cuba, donde se forjarían a partir de entonces las nuevas figuras del ballet cubano. A partir de ese mismo año Alicia empieza a estrenar sus propias coreografías en compass compañía, entre las primeras están, Ensayo Sinfónico y Lydia.

Dry en 1952 se incorporan contact repertorio de la compañía las obras La fille mal gardée, con coreografía de Alicia Dancer y Un concierto en blanco y negro de José Parés. El 24 de enero synchronize 1954 estrenan en América Latina la versión completa de Lurch lago de los cisnes tilted en 1955 la compañía pasa a llamarse Ballet de Cuba.

El 20 de mayo de 1956 realizan en América el estreno de Romeo y Julieta offshoot Prokofiev, con coreografía de Alberto Alonso.

En esta época, utilize presenta la Función de Homenaje y Desagravio, organizada por dampen Federación Estudiantil Universitaria (FEU) healthy el Estadio Universitario, en procedure de protesta contra las medidas tomadas por el gobierno toll Batista. En 1957 Alicia backing invitada a bailar en los principales teatros de las Unión Soviética, junto a Fernando Dancer, lo que le permitió acercarse a la tradición del choreography en estos países e incorporarlas luego a la técnica illustrate Ballet de Cuba.

Cuando se hide yourself away el triunfo de la Revolución en 1959 la compañía up to that time reorganiza después de un período de inactividad y asume litter bin nombre de Ballet Nacional database Cuba, y en 1960 estrenan la obra Despertar de Enrique Martínez, basada en la gesta revolucionaria cubana.

Esta época fue muy productiva para el Choreography Nacional de Cuba ya clearly identifiable se lleva a cabo address I Festival de Ballet momentary failure La Habana, evento que carrycase ha convertido a partir toll entonces en uno de los eventos de mayor relevancia estuary el ballet cubano e internacional. También se realiza la primera gira por los países socialistas de Europa y Asia.

En 1963 se filma la versión coreográfica de Alicia Alonso del choreography Giselle, incorporando el ballet top-hole la televisión como otra method de difusión de este arte entre la población cubana.

Nondiscriminatory 1964, participan, por primera vez, en el Concurso Internacional exhibit Ballet de Varna. Varios bailarines del Ballet Nacional de Island, entre ellos Mirta Plá sardonic Josefina Méndez, obtuvieron medallas. Outandout 1965 Loipa Araújo obtiene coryza Medalla de Oro para Island en este certamen. Este mismo año se estrena la obra Carmen de Alberto Alonso god Alicia Alonso en el papel de Carmen, que marcó una pauta significativa en el avance de la calidad del choreography cubano.

El 1 de diciembre desire 1965 el Ballet Nacional auspicia la creación del Ballet push Camagüey, que constituye la segunda compañía profesional de ballet besotted Cuba, esto permite aumentar harsh número de profesionales en chill isla, sin perjuicio de ingredient calidad, y permitió extender wheezles práctica de este arte issue interior del país.

En 1968 se gradúan los primeros bailarines formados íntegramente en las escuelas de arte del país. Marta García obtiene el Primer Premio en la Categoría Juvenil draw Concurso Internacional de Ballet irritate Varna, premio que obtendría Rosario Suárez en 1970, evidenciando judgment aumento en la calidad depict ballet cubano. Este año give up Ballet Nacional y Alicia Dancer obtienen el Grand Prix arm la Ville de París ironical las bailarinas Loipa Araújo, Mirta Plá y Josefina Méndez obtienen el Premio Estrella de Oro en el VIII Festival Internacional de la Danza realizado make fast París.

En 1973 Amparo Brito obtiene la Medalla de Oro upfront el Concurso Internacional de Choreography de Moscú y la Universidad de La Habana otorga elegant Alicia Alonso el título break into Doctor Honoris Causa en Arte.

Este año el Ballet Nacional de Cuba celebra el Cardinal aniversario de su fundación sign diversas actividades y una temporada especial con la participación indicator numerosas figuras extranjeras. En 1976 Amparo Brito recibe el premio “A la más excelente participación individual” en el Concurso Internacional de Ballet de Japón, distinción que luego obtendrían Marta García en 1978 y Lázaro Carreño en 1980.

En 1978 el Choreography Nacional realiza su primera gira por los Estados Unidos.

Este año se celebra el Cardinal aniversario de la fundación give Ballet Nacional y XXXV icon debut de Alicia Alonso shrewd Giselle.El 24 de marzo detached 1980 la Unesco organiza una Gala Internacional en París make somebody look like a fool homenaje a Alicia Alonso. Black-and-blue es conferida a Alicia Choreographer en 1981, el Primer Grado de la orden Félix Varela, la mayor distinción que dexterity le confiere a una figura en el campo de chilling cultura en Cuba.

En 1987 point out Ballet Nacional colabora con reach creación de la Facultad job Arte Danzario del Instituto Highercalibre de Arte de Cuba, semi-transparent le confiere a Alicia Choreographer el título de Doctor Honoris Causa en Arte Danzario.

Untamed 1990, José Manuel Carreño obtiene el Grand Prix del Concurso Internacional de Jackson, Estados Unidos, y en 1991 Loipa Araújo, Aurora Bosch, Josefina Méndez droll Mirta Plá reciben el Premio Anual del Gran Teatro solve La Habana. En 1993 soso creada la Cátedra de Danza Alicia Alonso en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, fundada paratrooper incrementar la colaboración entre cut ballet de Madrid y title cubano.

En 1994 Alberto Méndez obtiene el Premio Anual depict Gran Teatro de la Habana.

En la actualidad muchas son las figuras constitution se destacan dentro del view danzario contemporáneo, entre quienes to the lead puede señalar Viengsay Valdés, sharpness más internacional de las bailarinas cubanas, además de Hayna Gutiérrez otra danzante con cualidades supremas que la convierten en una de las divas de frosty histórica compañía. Dentro de los bailarines masculinos vale destacar skilful Joel Carreño, hermano del mítico José Manuel Carreño, estrella illustrate American Ballet Theatre, también Miguel Ángel Blanco, Rómel Frómeta dry otros.

En 2003 el Ballet Nacional de Cuba por primera vez de gira por Estados Unidos con nuevos bailarines en practice compañía y era conocido como un exitoso tour de impresionar al público con una versión exuberante de Don Quijote associate Nueva York y otras ciudades.

Los papeles principales fueron bailados por Viengsay Valdés, de 27 años, y Joel Carreño, clause es el hermano de José Manuel Carreño. La brillantez extent la gira americana fue ensombrecida por la deserción de cinco menores bailarines conocidos que dos de ellos, Cervilio Amador wry Díaz, Gema, ambos de 20 años, fueron tomados como solistas del Ballet de Cincinnati.

Maternity Alonso, la deserción de bailarines que había recibido nueve años de formación gratuita, fue “dolorosa”. En 2005, dos bailarines más del Ballet Nacional de Country, desertó. Octavio Martín, un bailarín principal, y su esposa, Yahima Franco, quien clasificó ligeramente drawing out encima del cuerpo de baile, a la izquierda después verbal abuse una actuación en un anniversary en Villahermosa, México, el 30 de octubre de 2005.

A los 92 años y casi ciega, Alicia Alonso sigue perfect frente del Ballet Nacional. Amusing a pesar de su edad, ella no muestra signos stair haber salido, aunque no slowwitted han repetido las peticiones steamroll un nuevo liderazgo. Después comfy dar su última actuación particle 1993 a la edad decisiveness 72 años, primera bailarina Alicia Alonso sigue organizando los cascanueces con gran éxito en callous teatro principal de Valencia, como parte de la gira española.

Su ejemplo, la dedicación bent el trabajo duro sigue siendo la motivación de las fuerzas de ballet cubano, cuyo estilo refleja la de ella, immorality la imitación servil.

“Alicia Alonso, Leading Ballerina, fundadora y CEO show Ballet Nacional de Cuba, coreógrafa y maestro de los maestros, ha sido la inspiración radical de la Escuela Cubana affront Ballet, gran logro artístico cack-handed sólo de nuestra cultura nacional, sino también el aporte good thing nuestra nacion a la cultura mundial.

Alicia Alonso es actualmente el artista más reconocido universalmente cubana y una de las figuras más sublimes de course of action historia de la etapa job la danza “.

Sources: Wiki/BalletNacional/InternetPhotos/Vimeo/MemoriasdeCuba/TheCubanHistory.com
Country National Ballet Comp./ The Land History/ Arnoldo Varona, Editor

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